Jeonghun (James) Lee: Terminal 색상설정

12/29/2019

Terminal 색상설정

1. Terminal Color 설정

ANSI escape code를 이용하여 Terminal의 Color 및 다양한 변화를 줄 수 가 있다.
물론 개별 Terminal 마다 지원되는 부분이 다를 수 있으므로 주의하자

ANSI escape code는 ESC Key Code기반으로 Print를 이용하여 다양한 설정가능하며, 주로 내가 사용할 것은 CSI->SGR로 색상설정이다.

아래의 내용은 전부 Wiki에서 가져왔으며, 세부사항은 Wiki를 보도록하자.

ANSI_escape_code 정보
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes

Terminal color (색상정보 값 확인)
  https://misc.flogisoft.com/bash/tip_colors_and_formatting

1.1 Escape Sequences

ESC (dec 27 / hex 0x1B / oct 033) 의 ESC 값을 기반으로 사용되지는 Sequences들을 말한다.
글자색상변화 하고 싶다면 아래의 CSI->SGR 로 설정을 하면된다.
이외에도 다양한 기능이 있으니, 아래의 표를 보고 알아두자.

Sequence	C1	Short	Name	Effect
ESC N	0x8E	SS2	Single Shift Two	Select a single character from one of the alternative character sets. In xterm, SS2 selects the G2 character set, and SS3 selects the G3 character set.^[19]
ESC O	0x8F	SS3	Single Shift Three
ESC P	0x90	DCS	Device Control String	Terminated by ST. Xterm's uses of this sequence include defining User-Defined Keys, and requesting or setting Termcap/Terminfo data.^[19]
ESC [	0x9B	CSI	Control Sequence Introducer	Most of the useful sequences, see next section.
ESC \	0x9C	ST	String Terminator	Terminates strings in other controls.^[18]^:8.3.143
ESC ]	0x9D	OSC	Operating System Command	Starts a control string for the operating system to use, terminated by ST.^[18]^:8.3.89 In xterm, they may also be terminated by BEL.^[19] In xterm, the window title can be set by `OSC 0;this is the window title BEL`.
ESC X	0x98	SOS	Start of String	Takes an argument of a string of text, terminated by ST. The uses for these string control sequences are defined by the application^[18]^{:8.3.2,8.3.128} or privacy discipline.^[18]^:8.3.94 These functions are not implemented and the arguments are ignored by xterm.^[19]
ESC ^	0x9E	PM	Privacy Message
ESC _	0x9F	APC	Application Program Command
ESC c		RIS	Reset to Initial State	Resets the device to its original state. This may include (if applicable): reset graphic rendition, clear tabulation stops, reset to default font, and more.^[20]

CSI sequences

CSI (ESC [ ) 시작하는 CODE이며, 아래에서 사용되어지는 n, m 은 보통 숫자로 인식하지만, SGR의 경우 m은 문자로 사용

세부사항은 우측 Effect 부분을 참조

Code	Short	Name	Effect
CSI `n` A	CUU	Cursor Up	Moves the cursor `n` (default `1`) cells in the given direction. If the cursor is already at the edge of the screen, this has no effect.
CSI `n` B	CUD	Cursor Down
CSI `n` C	CUF	Cursor Forward
CSI `n` D	CUB	Cursor Back
CSI `n` E	CNL	Cursor Next Line	Moves cursor to beginning of the line `n` (default `1`) lines down. (not ANSI.SYS)
CSI `n` F	CPL	Cursor Previous Line	Moves cursor to beginning of the line `n` (default `1`) lines up. (not ANSI.SYS)
CSI `n` G	CHA	Cursor Horizontal Absolute	Moves the cursor to column `n` (default `1`). (not ANSI.SYS)
CSI `n` ; `m` H	CUP	Cursor Position	Moves the cursor to row `n`, column `m`. The values are 1-based, and default to `1` (top left corner) if omitted. A sequence such as `CSI ;5H` is a synonym for `CSI 1;5H` as well as `CSI 17;H` is the same as `CSI 17H` and `CSI 17;1H`
CSI `n` J	ED	Erase in Display	Clears part of the screen. If `n` is `0` (or missing), clear from cursor to end of screen. If `n` is `1`, clear from cursor to beginning of the screen. If `n` is `2`, clear entire screen (and moves cursor to upper left on DOS ANSI.SYS). If `n` is `3`, clear entire screen and delete all lines saved in the scrollback buffer (this feature was added for xterm and is supported by other terminal applications).
CSI `n` K	EL	Erase in Line	Erases part of the line. If `n` is `0` (or missing), clear from cursor to the end of the line. If `n` is `1`, clear from cursor to beginning of the line. If `n` is `2`, clear entire line. Cursor position does not change.
CSI `n` S	SU	Scroll Up	Scroll whole page up by `n` (default `1`) lines. New lines are added at the bottom. (not ANSI.SYS)
CSI `n` T	SD	Scroll Down	Scroll whole page down by `n` (default `1`) lines. New lines are added at the top. (not ANSI.SYS)
CSI `n` ; `m` f	HVP	Horizontal Vertical Position	Same as CUP, but counts as a format effector function (like CR or LF) rather than an editor function (like CUD or CNL).^[1]^:AppA.1 This can lead to different handling in certain terminal modes.^[18]^:AnnexA
CSI `n` m	SGR	Select Graphic Rendition	Sets the appearance of the following characters, see SGR parameters below.
CSI 5i		AUX Port On	Enable aux serial port usually for local serial printer
CSI 4i		AUX Port Off	Disable aux serial port usually for local serial printer
CSI 6n	DSR	Device Status Report	Reports the cursor position (CPR) to the application as (as though typed at the keyboard) `ESC[n;mR`, where `n` is the row and `m` is the column.)

CSI를 시작으로 상위 명령들을 간단히 실행을 해보자

echo 기반으로 상위 적용 Simple 예제

$ man echo
NAME
       echo - display a line of text

SYNOPSIS
       echo [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
       echo LONG-OPTION

DESCRIPTION
       Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.

       -n     do not output the trailing newline
       -e     enable interpretation of backslash escapes   // backslash를 이용하여 ESC Code를 사용 
       -E     disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)

If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:    // echo -e 했을 경우 backslash 사용하여 출력예제 
       \\     backslash              
       \a     alert (BEL)
       \b     backspace
       \c     produce no further output
       \e     escape
       \f     form feed
       \n     new line
       \r     carriage return
       \t     horizontal tab
       \v     vertical tab
       \0nnn  the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal).  NNN can be 0 to 3 octal digits
       \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal).  HH can be one or two hex digits

// TEST Normal 
$ echo -e "TEST " 

// TEST CSI n J ( Erase in Display ) 
$ echo -e "\x1b[1J TEST " 

// TEST CSI n;m H (Cursor Position ) 
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;10H TEST "

Linux command로 echo를 이용하여 색상 및 상위 명령어를 표현시에는 -e 옵션을 반드시 적용

1.2 Terminal의 색상 설정변경 (CSI->SGR)

Terminal의 색상 설정 및 Blink를 비롯하여, Bold / Underline등 다양한 설정이 가능하다.
색상또한 본인이 원하면, 다양하게 설정이 가능하다.

SGR parameters (Set Graphics Rendition)

CSI n m (ESC[ n m)로 동작되며, n값은 아래의 Code값
Color Table은 3종류로 선택가능하며, 3/4bit , 8 bit , 24 bit 모드로 동작가능

Code	Effect	Note
0	Reset / Normal	all attributes off
1	Bold or increased intensity
2	Faint (decreased intensity)
3	Italic	Not widely supported. Sometimes treated as inverse.
4	Underline
5	Slow Blink	less than 150 per minute
6	Rapid Blink	MS-DOS ANSI.SYS; 150+ per minute; not widely supported
7	Reverse video	swap foreground and background colors
8	Conceal	Not widely supported.
9	Crossed-out	Characters legible, but marked for deletion.
10	Primary(default) font
11–19	Alternative font	Select alternative font $n - 10$
20	Fraktur	Rarely supported
21	Doubly underline or Bold off	Double-underline per ECMA-48.^[26] See discussion
22	Normal color or intensity	Neither bold nor faint
23	Not italic, not Fraktur
24	Underline off	Not singly or doubly underlined
25	Blink off
27	Inverse off
28	Reveal	conceal off
29	Not crossed out
30–37	Set foreground color	See color table below 3/4bit color
38	Set foreground color	Next arguments are `5;n` or `2;r;g;b`, see below
39	Default foreground color	implementation defined (according to standard)
40–47	Set background color	See color table below 3/4bit color
48	Set background color	Next arguments are `5;n` or `2;r;g;b`, see below
49	Default background color	implementation defined (according to standard)
51	Framed
52	Encircled
53	Overlined
54	Not framed or encircled
55	Not overlined
60	ideogram underline or right side line	Rarely supported
61	ideogram double underline or double line on the right side
62	ideogram overline or left side line
63	ideogram double overline or double line on the left side
64	ideogram stress marking
65	ideogram attributes off	reset the effects of all of `60`–`64`
90–97	Set bright foreground color	aixterm (not in standard) 3/4bit
100–107	Set bright background color	aixterm (not in standard) 3/4bit

현재 내 Terminal은 Blink가 미동작하며, 각 Terminal마다 동작 사항은 다를 것 같다.
주로 많이 사용하는 모드는 3/4bit의 color 모드로 보면 가장 심플하게 적용하자.

3/4 bit color 설정 및 Bold TEST

\x1b[1m : Bold
\x1b[93m : Bright Yellow (3/4bit)
\x1b[0m : Reset 을 할 경우 상위 설정된 값들이 모두 초기화

$ echo -e "\x1b[1m \x1b[93m TEST \x1b[0m"

3/4 bit color ";"를 사용하여 SGR를 동시적용 TEST

\x1b[1;93;4m : Bold/Bright Yellow (3/4bit) /Underline
\x1b[0m : Reset

//Linux 에서 동시적용시
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;93;4;6m TEST \x1b[0m"   // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 93: Bright Yellow , 4: Underline 6: Rapid Blink 
$ echo -e "\033[1;93;4;6m TEST \033[0m"   // Oct ESC 상위동일 

//Bright foreground color (3/4 bit)  
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;90m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 90: Bright Black (Gray)
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;91m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 91: Bright Red
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;92m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 92: Bright Green
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;93m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 93: Bright Yellow
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;94m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 94: Bright Blue
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;95m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 95: Bright Magenta
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;96m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 96: Bright Cyan
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;97m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 97: Bright Whight

//Foreground color (3/4 bit) , 
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;30m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 30: Black 
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;31m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 31: Red
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;32m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 32: Green
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;33m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 33: Yellow
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;34m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 34: Blue
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;35m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 35: Magenta
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;36m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 36: Cyan
$ echo -e "\x1b[1;37m TEST \x1b[0m" // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 37: Whight

//Bell Sound, 
$ echo -e '\007'
$ echo -e '\a'

https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Terminal_control/Ringing_the_terminal_bell

//Window Shell 인 CMD에서 실행 "\x"or "\033" 대신 Ctrl+[ 눌르면, "^[" 생성  
> echo ^[[1;93;4;6m TEST ^[[0m      // Hex ESC 1: Bold , 93: Bright Yellow , 4: Underline 6: Rapid Blink

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2048509/how-to-echo-with-different-colors-in-the-windows-command-line

//Batch파일생성시 ESC Key 생성문제 때문에 아래와 같이 setESC사용 
setlocal
call :setESC


echo %ESC%[1;31m 
ECHO -----------------------------
ECHO ------     COLOR TEST
ECHO -----------------------------
echo %ESC%[0m

echo %ESC%[101;93m STYLES %ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[0mReset%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[1mBold%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[4mUnderline%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[7mInverse%ESC%[0m
echo.
echo %ESC%[101;93m NORMAL FOREGROUND COLORS %ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[30mBlack%ESC%[0m (black)
echo %ESC%[31mRed%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[32mGreen%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[33mYellow%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[34mBlue%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[35mMagenta%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[36mCyan%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[37mWhite%ESC%[0m
echo.
echo %ESC%[101;93m NORMAL BACKGROUND COLORS %ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[40mBlack%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[41mRed%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[42mGreen%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[43mYellow%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[44mBlue%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[45mMagenta%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[46mCyan%ESC%[0m
echo %ESC%[47mWhite%ESC%[0m
echo.

PAUSE

:setESC
for /F "tokens=1,2 delims=#" %%a in ('"prompt #$H#$E# & echo on & for %%b in (1) do rem"') do (
  set ESC=%%b
  exit /B 0
)
exit /B 0

https://gist.github.com/mlocati/fdabcaeb8071d5c75a2d51712db24011

8bit Color 적용방법

ESC[ 38;5;⟨n⟩ m Select foreground color (n : 0~255)
ESC[ 48;5;⟨n⟩ m Select background color (n : 0~255)

24bit Color 적용방법 (24bit까지 필요성은 현재 없어보임)

ESC[ 38;2;⟨r⟩;⟨g⟩;⟨b⟩ m Select RGB foreground color
ESC[ 48;2;⟨r⟩;⟨g⟩;⟨b⟩ m Select RGB background color

간단히 아래와 같이 Shell scirpt로 작성하여 출력

8bit TEST Color Shell Script

$ vi 8bitTestColor.sh 
#!/bin/bash

FOR=0
BAK=255

for((FOR=0,BAK=255;FOR<255;FOR++,BAK--)); do
    echo -e "\x1b[38:5:${FOR}m \x1b[48:5:${BAK}m TEST \x1b[0m"
done

$ chmod +x ./8bitTestColor.sh  
$ ./8bitTestColor.sh

Python을 이용한 다양한 Color 설정

python에서도 동일하게 상위 정보기반으로 동일하게 적용가능
http://www.lihaoyi.com/post/BuildyourownCommandLinewithANSIescapecodes.html

C언어 적용 및 TEST

$ vi color_test.c 
#include <stdio.h>

#define RST  "\x1B[0m"   // Normal Reset 
#define BLD  "\x1B[1m"   // Bold
#define BLK  "\x1B[30m"  // Black
#define RED  "\x1B[31m"  // Red
#define GRN  "\x1B[32m"  // Green
#define YEL  "\x1B[33m"  // Yellow
#define BLU  "\x1B[34m"  // Blue
#define MAG  "\x1B[35m"  // Magenta
#define CYN  "\x1B[36m"  // Cyan
#define WHT  "\x1B[37m"  // Light Gray

#define GRA  "\x1B[90m"  // Dark Gray
#define LRD  "\x1B[91m"  // Light RED
#define LGR  "\x1B[92m"  // Light Green
#define LYL  "\x1B[93m"  // Light Yellow
#define LBL  "\x1B[94m"  // Light Blue
#define LMA  "\x1B[95m"  // Light Magenta
#define LCY  "\x1B[96m"  // Light Cyan
#define LWH  "\x1B[97m"  // Whight

int main()
{
	//Color 
    printf("%s %s TEST MY Color %s \n", BLD,RED,RST);
    //Bell sound
    printf("\a");    
}

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