Yocto에서 Image 의 Partition은 일반적으로 WIC기반으로 WKS FILE로 관리되어지고 있다.
1.1 WIC/WKS 사용파악
아래와 같이 WKS FILE을 찾아 파일을 알고 검색하여 각각의 Partition의 구성을 알고 관련부분을 변경하자.
$ bitbake -e | grep ^IMAGE_FSTYPES= // 현재 사용중인 IMAGE 구성방법확인 IMAGE_FSTYPES="wic.bmap wic.bz2 tar.bz2" // wic.bmap (bmap은 XML로 bmaptool을 이용하여 write가능 or dd도 가능) // wic.bz2 로 wic로 구성되고 압축됨
- WKS_FILE 검색
$ bitbake -e | grep ^WKS_FILE= // 현재 사용중인 WKS FILE 검색 WKS_FILE="imx-uboot-bootpart.wks.in"
1.2 WIC 의 Partition 수정방법
WKS file은 종류로 나누어지며, *.wks 와 *.wks.in 으로 나누어진다.
*.wks는 일반적인 kickstart files로 wic list images 를 하면 각 wks의 short-description 정보를 확인가능.
*.wks.in는 내부에서 사용되어지는 FILE로 아래와 같이 kickstart files로 보여지지 않는다.
- WKS FILE 수정방법의 예
$ find . -name imx-uboot-bootpart.wks.in // WKS_FILE= 정보 $ cat ./meta-freescale/wic/imx-uboot-bootpart.wks.in // 상위 wks script로 반드시 아래의 Manual을 읽어야함 # short-description: Create SD card image with a boot partition # long-description: # Create an image that can be written onto a SD card using dd for use # with i.MX SoC family # It uses u-boot # # The disk layout used is: # - --------- -------------- -------------- # | | u-boot | boot | rootfs | # - --------- -------------- -------------- # ^ ^ ^ ^ # | | | | # 0 1kiB 4MiB 16MiB + rootfs + IMAGE_EXTRA_SPACE (default 10MiB) # ## ## rawcopy로 이용하며, uboot가 저장이 되어지며, --no-table 때문에 아래의 partition에서는 잡히지는 않는다. ## part u-boot --source rawcopy --sourceparams="file=${UBOOT_BINARY}" --ondisk mmcblk --no-table --align 1 ## ## 상위 Layout의 boot에 해당하며, FAT로 구성되고, Kernel 과 DTB 와 TEE 정보 (mmcblkxp1) ## ## --size 16 : data를 넣고 여부으로 16M byte 넣어 매번 가변적 ## --fixed-size 16 : 고정 크기에 data들을 넣음 (고정크기) ** Upgrade를 위해 추후 변경 ## part /boot --source bootimg-partition --ondisk mmcblk --fstype=vfat --label boot --active --align 4096 --size 16 #part /boot --source bootimg-partition --ondisk mmcblk --fstype=vfat --label boot --active --align 4096 --fixed-size 16 ## ## 상위 Layout의 rootfs에 해당하며 Main Filesystem 이다. ## Linux Main Filesystem 으로 보면 별도로 size를 정의하지 않지만 아래의 비율로 계산하여 여부발생 ((mmcblkxp2) ## du command 사용 ## IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR="1.3" ## IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE="0" ## IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE="65536" ## --size : 언급이 없으므로, 관련 data를 넣은 후에 상위 설정된 여부의 계산으로 설정하여 변경 (가변적) ## --fixed-size 16 : 고정 크기에 data들을 넣음 (고정크기) ** Upgrade를 위해 고정적으로 변경 ## part / --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk --fstype=ext4 --label root --align 4096 #part / --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk --fstype=ext4 --label root --align 4096 --fixed-size 256 ## ## 상위 Layout에는 존재하지 않으며, 별도로 설정을 변경하고 직접 수정하여 변경 ## VOLATILE_LOG_DIR= no 설정 후 아래와 같이 추가 (mmcblkxp3) ## /var/log를 사용 (256Mbyte) part /var/log --ondisk mmcblk --fstype=ext4 --label root --align 4096 --size 256 ## ## bootloader 에서 partition table 정보 (MSDOS 이외 설정도가능) ## bootloader --ptable msdos
WKS FILE 의 part 관련
https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/mega-manual/mega-manual.html#ref-kickstart
WIC 명령어
https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.4.2/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#creating-partitioned-images-using-wic
https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.0/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#creating-partitioned-images
1.3 WIC Python Code 분석
WKS FILE을 정확하게 설정하고 이해하려면 어쩔수 없이 현재 본인의 WIC 명령어에서 제공되어지는 기능들을 알아보자
- WIC Python Code 분석
https://github.com/alexandrebelloni/wic/tree/master/scripts
https://github.com/openembedded/openembedded-core/tree/master/scripts
./poky/scripts/lib/wic/image/help.py
https://github.com/alexandrebelloni/wic/blob/master/scripts/lib/image/help.py
https://github.com/openembedded/openembedded-core/blob/master/scripts/lib/wic/help.py
./poky/scripts/wic
https://github.com/openembedded/openembedded-core/blob/master/scripts/wic
- WKS Kickstart File 옵션관련내용
- WKS의 File의 part 의 --source 부분
https://github.com/openembedded/openembedded-core/tree/master/scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source
//--sourceparams=${UBOOT_BINARY}
$ bitbake -e | grep ^UBOOT_BINARY
UBOOT_BINARY="u-boot.imx"
WKS의 FILE part 의 --source 의 bootimage-partition 분석
https://github.com/openembedded/openembedded-core/blob/master/scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source/bootimg-partition.py
// --source 의 bootimg-partition 부분분석 (상위 python 소스참조) //DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE 위치에서 IMAGE_BOOT_FILES들을 가져와서 넣음 $ bitbake -e | grep ^DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE="/home/jhlee/yocto/build-fb/tmp/deploy/images/imx6sxsabresd" //IMAGE_BOOT_FILES 들이 FAT에 저장됨 $ bitbake -e | grep ^IMAGE_BOOT_FILES IMAGE_BOOT_FILES=" zImage imx6sx-sdb.dtb imx6sx-sdb-emmc.dtb imx6sx-sdb-m4.dtb imx6sx-sdb-sai.dtb imx6sx-sdb-lcdif1.dtb imx6sx-sdb-ldo.dtb imx6sx-sdb-reva-ldo.dtb imx6sx-sdb-reva.dtb imx6sx-sdb-btwifi.dtb imx6sx-sdb-mqs.dtb tee.bin uTee-6sxsdb "
WKS의 FILE part 의 --source 의 rootfs 분석
https://github.com/openembedded/openembedded-core/blob/master/scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source/rootfs.py
// --source 의 rootfs 부분분석 (상위 python 소스참조) $ bitbake -e | grep ^IMAGE_ROOTFS IMAGE_ROOTFS="/home/jhlee/yocto/build-fb/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi/defaultpkgname/1.0-r0/rootfs" IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE="0" IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE="65536
1.4 Linux Partition 관련내용
VOLATILE_LOG_DIR은 일반적으로 no 로 설정이 되어있으며, 이를 tmpdir로 설정되어 ramdisk로 보통 관리하지만,
기록을 하기 원한다면 아래와 같이 확인 한 후 User Configuration에서 설정을 변경 후 상위 WKS File에 적용하면 된다.
- User Configuration 에서 VOLATILE_LOG_DIR=no 설정
$ bitbake -e | grep ^VOLATILE_LOG_DIR // default yes VOLATILE_LOG_DIR="yes"
- /etc/fstab 수정
$ find . -name fstab
./poky/meta/recipes-core/base-files/base-files/fstab
$ vi ./poky/meta/recipes-core/base-files/base-files/fstab // 추가 /var/log filesystem 설정
....
/dev/mmcblk3p3 /var/log auto defaults 1 1
...
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49912475/adding-a-partition-in-yocto-generated-image
https://www.digi.com/resources/documentation/digidocs/90001546/concept/yocto/c_emmc_layout_yocto.htm
https://developer.ridgerun.com/wiki/index.php?title=IMX8/iMX8MEVK/Yocto/Installing_an_Image
2. WIC Command 사용
- wic list images 로 kickstart files 확인
// bitbake가 동작할 경우 같이 동작 $ wic list images //*wks 들의 (short-description 정보) imx-uboot Create SD card image with a boot partition mkhybridiso Create a hybrid ISO image sdimage-bootpart Create SD card image with a boot partition directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image qemux86-directdisk Create a qemu machine 'pcbios' direct disk image directdisk-gpt Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image systemd-bootdisk Create an EFI disk image with systemd-boot directdisk-multi-rootfs Create multi rootfs image using rootfs plugin directdisk-bootloader-config Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image with custom bootloader config mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image
- wic list images ( kickstart list 추가 )
$ find . -name *wks* // wks kickstart file 검색 ... sources/meta-freescale/wic/imx-uboot.wks // imx-uboot ,BSP 전용 WKS FILE poky/scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks/*.wks // 아래 일반적인 kickstart file로 아래의나열된것들 .... .... // wks.in 파일은 생략 $ cp sources/meta-freescale/wic/imx-uboot.wks sources/meta-freescale/wic/upgrade.wks // wks kickstart file 추가 $ vi sources/meta-freescale/wic/upgrade.wks //short-description 수정 $ wic list images //*wks 들의 (short-description 정보 재확인) upgrade Create SD card image with a boot partition (Jeonghun) //추가확인 imx-uboot Create SD card image with a boot partition mkhybridiso Create a hybrid ISO image sdimage-bootpart Create SD card image with a boot partition directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image qemux86-directdisk Create a qemu machine 'pcbios' direct disk image directdisk-gpt Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image systemd-bootdisk Create an EFI disk image with systemd-boot directdisk-multi-rootfs Create multi rootfs image using rootfs plugin directdisk-bootloader-config Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image with custom bootloader config mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image
- 각 kickstart 세부정보파악
$ wic list imx-uboot help // 상위 imx-uboot 정보 (long-description 정보)
Create an image that can be written onto a SD card using dd for use
with i.MX SoC family
It uses u-boot
The disk layout used is:
- --------- --------------
| | u-boot | rootfs |
- --------- --------------
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
0 1kiB 4MiB + rootfs + IMAGE_EXTRA_SPACE (default 10MiB)
- Cooked Mode 기반으로 Image 생성
$ wic create upgrade -e core-image-base Summary: There was 1 WARNING message shown. INFO: Creating image(s)... INFO: The new image(s) can be found here: ./upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct // 생성되는 FILE fdisk -l 로 확인 The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s): ROOTFS_DIR: /home/jhlee/yocto/build-fb/tmp/work/imx6sxsabresd-poky-linux-gnueabi/core-image-base/1.0-r0/rootfs BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/jhlee/yocto/build-fb/tmp/work/imx6sxsabresd-poky-linux-gnueabi/core-image-base/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/share KERNEL_DIR: /home/jhlee/yocto/build-fb/tmp/deploy/images/imx6sxsabresd NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/jhlee/yocto/build-fb/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi/wic-tools/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot-native INFO: The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file: /home/jhlee/yocto/imx-yocto-bsp/sources/meta-freescale/wic/upgrade.wks $ wic create imx-uboot -e core-image-base $ wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal $ ls bitbake-cookerdaemon.log cache conf sstate-cache tmp upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct $ wic ls upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct // not working $ cp upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct.wic $ wic ls upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct.wic // 확장자만 변경하면 동작 Num Start End Size Fstype 1 4194304 193363967 189169664 ext4 $ fdisk -l upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct Disk upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct: 184.4 MiB, 193363968 bytes, 377664 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x2944b746 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type upgrade-202005191127-mmcblk.direct1 8192 377663 369472 180.4M 83 Linux
- wic는 두가지 방법으로 생성
//Cooked Mode (kickstart File 기반) $ wic create wks_file -e IMAGE_NAME // Raw Mode $ wic create wks_file options ( -e IMAGE_NAME , .. 모든부분을 다 설정해야함)
일반적으로 최종 Image가 다 합쳐져서 나오므로, 특정 Image들을 별도로 분리할 생각이 있다면
별도의 WKS FILE을 만들어서 Kickstart FILE로 등록한 후 생성하자 (Coocked Mode)
처음부터 Raw Mode는 비추천하며, 차라리 Cooked Mode에서 Raw Mode 처럼 사용하는 방법을 사용하자
- bitbake로 생성된 Image 분석 (wks.in기반)
$ cp tmp/deploy/images/imx6sxsabresd/core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic.bz2 . $ bzip2 -d ./core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic.bz2 $ wic ls core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic Num Start End Size Fstype 1 4194304 27491327 23297024 fat16 2 29360128 259118079 229757952 ext4 3 260046848 528482303 268435456 ext4 $ wic ls core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic:2 // Num 2 Partition $ wic rm core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic:2/mnt // Num 2 Partition
2.1 WIC Image 의 정보분석
wic ls 를 이용하여 확인해도 되지만, wic는 yocto가 설정이 되었을 경우에만 사용가능하므로, 가능하면 fdisk를 이용하여 확인하자.
- fdisk 를 이용하여 wic image 기본정보확인
$ fdisk -l core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic
Disk core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic: 504 MiB, 528482304 bytes, 1032192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x304dec68
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic1 * 8192 53859 45668 22.3M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic2 57344 503031 445688 217.6M 83 Linux
core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic3 507904 1032191 524288 256M 83 Linux
$ fdisk -l core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic
Disk core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic: 504 MB, 528482304 bytes, 1032192 sectors
64 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Device Boot StartCHS EndCHS StartLBA EndLBA Sectors Size Id Type
core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic1 * 64,0,1 420,3,4 8192 53859 45668 22.2M c Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
Partition 1 has different physical/logical start (non-Linux?):
phys=(64,0,1) logical=(0,130,3)
Partition 1 has different physical/logical end:
phys=(420,3,4) logical=(3,89,58)
core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic2 448,0,1 1023,3,32 57344 503031 445688 217M 83 Linux
Partition 2 has different physical/logical start (non-Linux?):
phys=(448,0,1) logical=(3,145,15)
Partition 2 has different physical/logical end:
phys=(1023,3,32) logical=(31,79,40)
core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic3 1023,3,32 1023,3,32 507904 1032191 524288 256M 83 Linux
Partition 3 has different physical/logical start (non-Linux?):
phys=(1023,3,32) logical=(31,156,62)
Partition 3 has different physical/logical end:
phys=(1023,3,32) logical=(64,63,63)
- Sector 정보기반으로 byte로 변환
- Start Sector ( 57344 * 512 = 29360128 )
- End Sector ( 503031 * 512 = 257551872 )
- Sectors or End Sector - Start Sector +1 (503031-57344+1 = 445688 * 512 = 228192256 )
2.2 WIC Image mount 방법
- wic image loop mount-1
$ losetup -v -f -o 29360128 --sizelimit 228192256 core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic or $ losetup -f -o 29360128 core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic // busybox는 상위옵션 미지원 $ losetup -a // show loop device status /dev/loop0: 29360128 core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic $ blkid /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: LABEL="root" UUID="051f84f1-7fe9-4adc-abcb-6b50651f66ed" TYPE="ext4" $ mount -o ro /dev/loop0 /mnt // loop mount $ ls /mnt bin etc lost+found proc sys var boot home media run tmp dev lib mnt sbin usr $ losetup -d /dev/loop0 // detach
https://www.computerhope.com/unix/losetup.htm
https://dustymabe.com/2012/12/15/mounting-a-partition-within-a-disk-image/
- wic image loop mount-2
$ mount -o ro,offset=$((512*57344)) core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic /mnt $ umount /mnt
2.3 WIC Image Write 방법 과 분할
- mmcblk 정보확인
$ fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk3 Disk /dev/mmcblk3: 30 GB, 31826378752 bytes, 62160896 sectors 971264 cylinders, 4 heads, 16 sectors/track Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot StartCHS EndCHS StartLBA EndLBA Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk3p1 * 64,0,1 420,3,4 8192 53859 45668 22.2M c Win95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/mmcblk3p2 448,0,1 1023,3,32 57344 503031 445688 217M 83 Linux /dev/mmcblk3p3 1023,3,32 1023,3,32 507904 1032191 524288 256M 83 Linux
Start Sector 와 Sector 갯수 정보로 dd를 이용하여 write 진행
- wic image mmblk3p2 write 방법
//skip : input offset n bs
//seek : output offset n bs
//Sectors 445688 = EndLBA-StartLBA+1 $((503031-57344+1))
$ dd if=core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic of=/dev/mmcblk3 bs=512 skip=57344 seek=57344 count=$((503031-57344+1)) conv=sync,noerror
$ dd if=core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic of=/dev/mmcblk3 bs=512 skip=57344 seek=57344 count=445688 conv=sync,noerror
or
$ dd if=core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic of=/dev/mmcblk3p2 bs=512 skip=57344 count=$((503031-57344+1)) && sync
$ dd if=core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic of=/dev/mmcblk3p2 bs=512 skip=57344 count=445688 && sync
https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/721474
https://developer.ridgerun.com/wiki/index.php?title=IMX8/iMX8MEVK/Yocto/Installing_an_Image
- wic image 분할 저장
//bs : 1 block bytes
//skip : input offset n bs
//seek : output offset n bs
$ dd if=core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic of=partition1_img bs=512 skip=8192 count=45668 conv=sync,noerror
$ dd if=core-image-base-imx6sxsabresd.wic of=partition2_img bs=512 skip=57344 count=445688 conv=sync,noerror
Image 와 함께 md5sum 혹은 다른 hashsum을 이용하여 이를 같이 보관하는 것이 좋다.
dd option 설명
https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/dd-invocation.html