Jeonghun (James) Lee

2/13/2020

SD/MMC 와 udev 재분석 과 Rule 생성

1. SD/MMC Spec 및 기본확인법

MMC 혹은 SDCard 관련 Spec을 다시 확인하고자 한다면 아래의 사이트에서 확인

MMC(SDCARD) 관련 Spec

Part 1. Physical Layer Simplified Specification
Part A2. SD Host Controller Simplified Specification
Part E1. SDIO Simplified Specification
Part E7. Wireless LAN Simplified Addendum
이외

대부분의 기본적인 내용은 Part1. Physical Layer Simplified Specification 을 보면 구조 및 기본동작이 이해가가능하며,
UHS-II 관련부분이나 다른 SD 확장 API를 본다면 해당 문서를 참조

SD/MMC 관련 Spec Download
https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/

1.1 SD/MMC 정보확인

SD/MMC 기본 Register

SD/MMC Register 확인

$ find /sys -name cid  // CID Register 제조사 및 제품정보 파악가능 (Spec참조)
/sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/219c000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc3/mmc3:0001/cid     //eMMC
/sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/cid     //SDCard 

$ find /sys -name csd //CSD를 통해 MMC의 Spec 및 성능파악 (Spec참조)
/sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/219c000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc3/mmc3:0001/csd //eMMC
/sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/csd //SDCard 

$ find /sys -name scr // SDCard에 설정된 기본정보 (Databit,SDCard 종류) 확인가능 (Spec)
/sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/scr  //SDCard 

$ find /sys -name dsr or rca or ocr //기타정보들

SD/MMC 기본정보파악

$ find /sys -name ios // 쉽게 MMC의 정보파악 
/sys/kernel/debug/mmc3/ios  //eMMC
/sys/kernel/debug/mmc2/ios  //SDCard

$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc3/ios  //eMMC 8bit
clock:          198000000 Hz
actual clock:   198000000 Hz
vdd:            21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V)
bus mode:       2 (push-pull)
chip select:    0 (don't care)
power mode:     2 (on)
bus width:      3 (8 bits)
timing spec:    9 (mmc HS200)
signal voltage: 1 (1.80 V)
driver type:    0 (driver type B)

$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc2/ios  //SD Card 4bit
clock:          50000000 Hz
actual clock:   49500000 Hz
vdd:            18 (3.0 ~ 3.1 V)
bus mode:       2 (push-pull)
chip select:    0 (don't care)
power mode:     2 (on)
bus width:      2 (4 bits)
timing spec:    2 (sd high-speed)
signal voltage: 0 (3.30 V)
driver type:    0 (driver type B)

SD Card의 경우 CD(Card Detection)/WP(Write Protection)

$ cat /proc/interrupts | egrep "(mmc|cd)" // SDCard는 Hotplug를 위해 CD필요 
 63:        676       GPC  24 Level     mmc2  //SDCard
 64:       9336       GPC  25 Level     mmc3  //eMMC 
 78:          0       GPC   6 Edge      2224000.lcdif
126:          3  gpio-mxc  10 Edge      2198000.usdhc cd  //SDCard Card Detection (Hotplug)

// SD Card Detection의 GPIO 및 Trigger 및 IRQ 확인 
$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio | grep cd  
 gpio-42  (                    |cd                  ) in  hi IRQ

SD Card의 경우 CD 와 WP Pin을 GPIO로 연결하여 사용가능하며, 주로 CD 사용할 경우 Hotplug가능. WP 미사용

eMMC/SD Card 관련참고사항
https://developer.toradex.com/knowledge-base/sd-mmc-card-(linux)

1.2 SD/MMC의 Kernel 관련정보

i.MX Kernel Config

MMC/SD/SDIO (CONFIG_MMC)
MMC block (CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK)
Secure Digital Host Controller Interface support (CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI)
SDHCI support on the platform-specific bus (CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_PLTFM)
SDHCI platform support for the NXP eSDHC i.MX controller (CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_ESDHC_IMX)

Kernel source의 drivers/mmc/host/

sdhci.c standard stack code
sdhci-pltfm.c sdhci platform layer
sdhci-esdhc.c uSDHC driver
sdhci-esdhc-imx.c uSDHC driver header file

세부사항은 아래사이트 참고

i.MX 관련설정 (출처)

MMC/SDCard/SDIO Kernel 설정을 비롯하여Device Tree 설정정보를제공
https://www.digi.com/resources/documentation/digidocs/90001546/reference/bsp/cc6/r_mmc-sd-sdio.htm

MMC/SD Device Driver 세부분석

새로 SD/MMC를 분석할 필요는 없는 것 같아 아래사이트를 참조하여 이해만하고 넘어감
http://egloos.zum.com/furmuwon/v/11167927

SDCard 관련부분 Uboot 및 Kernel 설정 (Sitara/i.MX)

아래사이트에서 쉽게 설정이 가능하도록 제공

  https://www.digikey.com/eewiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=35193201#BeagleBoneBlack-uEnv.txtbasedbootscript
  https://www.digikey.com/eewiki/display/linuxonarm/i.MX6+SABRE+Lite
  https://developer.toradex.com/knowledge-base/sd-mmc-card-(linux)

1.3 Kernel의 Netlink uevent 와 udev 통신

Kernel은 udev와 NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT로 통신을 하고 있으며, 이곳에 add_uevent_var의 환경설정값을 추가하여 통신을 진행한다.
Kernel은 이외에도 다른 NETLINK도 사용하니 이것만 사용한다고 착각하지말자.

udev의 NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT

ue_sk->sk = netlink_kernel_create(net, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT, &cfg);
user에서 socket으로 protocol을 NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT로 설정
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.20.4/source/lib/kobject_uevent.c#L751

SD/MMC 관련소스

아래부분은 SD/MMC에서 공통으로사용되는 부분으로 필요할때만 보고, Chip Vendor관련부분은 상위에서 처럼 관련부분은 별도로 보자.
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.17.19/source/drivers/mmc/core
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.17.19/source/drivers/mmc/core/mmc.c

kobject_uevent->kobject_uevent_env

보통 uevent는 아래와 같이 동작을 하며, 아래와 같이 각각의 환경변수값을 uevent와 함께보내면, udevd은 이를 받아 database로 기록하여 사용한다고한다.

retval = add_uevent_var(env, "ACTION=%s", action_string);
retval = add_uevent_var(env, "DEVPATH=%s", devpath);
retval = add_uevent_var(env, "SUBSYSTEM=%s", subsystem);
retval = add_uevent_var(env, "%s", envp_ext[i]); // 상위 NULL 이지만 sys에서 설정가능
retval = add_uevent_var(env, "SEQNUM=%llu", (unsigned long long)++uevent_seqnum);
기타 값

https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.20.4/source/lib/kobject_uevent.c#L454

kobject_synth_uevent 관련함수

https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.20.4/source/lib/kobject_uevent.c#L192

kobject_uevent_env 의 확장값을 넣어 전송

LEASE=1 : 상위 3번의 envp_ext[i] 값 설정
HOTPLUG=1 : 상위 3번의 envp_ext[i] 값 설정

https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.20.4/source/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_sysfs.c#L322
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.20.4/source/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_sysfs.c#L304

kobject 와 sysfiletem을 세부적으로 분석 (반드시 참고)

*** 관련내용을 찾다가 아래사이트에서 자세히 분석해줘서 이해하기가 더 쉬움 (감사할 따름)
http://jake.dothome.co.kr/kobject/

device driver의 attribute의 구성을 쉽게 이해가능 (sys file system 구성)

attribute는 sys filesystem의 구성이기때문에 반드시 사용법 숙지하며, 이외에도 가끔 소스를 보면 다른 것도 존재하는 것 같은데, 그 부분은 추후 추가

device_attribute
bus_attribute
class_attribute
driver_attribute

오래전의 linux kernel과 attribute설정방법은 조금 다르지만 거의 비슷함
http://jake.dothome.co.kr/device-driver-1/

2. udev 분석 및 테스트진행

현재 udevadm command로 통합이되어 관련명령어를 모두 사용이 가능하며, 이를 이용하여 udev의 정보 및 테스트도 진행이 가능하다.

$ udevadm -h
udevadm [--help] [--version] [--debug] COMMAND [COMMAND OPTIONS]

Send control commands or test the device manager.

Commands:
  info          Query sysfs or the udev database  //
  trigger       Request events from the kernel
  settle        Wait for pending udev events
  control       Control the udev daemon
  monitor       Listen to kernel and udev events
  test          Test an event run
  test-builtin  Test a built-in command

http://fibrevillage.com/sysadmin/93-udevadm-command-examples

2.1 udevadm info 기본분석방법

udevadm info를 이용하여 udev의 database 정보와 sysfs 정보를 확인가능하므로, 이를 이용하여 udev 분석이 쉬어진다.

$ udevadm info  -h
udevadm info [OPTIONS] [DEVPATH|FILE]

Query sysfs or the udev database.

  -h --help                   Print this message
  -V --version                Print version of the program
  -q --query=TYPE             Query device information:
       name                     Name of device node
       symlink                 Pointing to node
       path                     sysfs device path
       property                The device properties
       all                      All values
  -p --path=SYSPATH           sysfs device path used for query or attribute walk
  -n --name=NAME              Node or symlink name used for query or attribute walk
  -r --root                   Prepend dev directory to path names
  -a --attribute-walk         Print all key matches walking along the chain
                              of parent devices
  -d --device-id-of-file=FILE Print major:minor of device containing this file
  -x --export                 Export key/value pairs
  -P --export-prefix          Export the key name with a prefix
  -e --export-db              Export the content of the udev database
  -c --cleanup-db             Clean up the udev database

sys filesystem의 uevent의 환경변수 값 확인 (udev database정보)

$ udevadm info  /dev/mmcblk2p1 
or
$ udevadm info  -q all /dev/mmcblk2p1 
or
$ udevadm info  /sys/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1  // 3개의 정보들이 거의 동일하지만,DEVLINKS정보가 조금씩 다름 
// /sys/device/..../mmcblk2p1의 uevnet 파악가능 (P는 /sys PATH)
P: /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1     
N: mmcblk2p1   // /dev의 device node /dev/mmcblk2p1 
S: disk/by-id/mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75-part1       // 상위 N의 /dev/mmcblk2p1 의 link file /dev/disk/by-id/mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75-part1
S: disk/by-partuuid/0006c3b0-01                // 상위 N의 /dev/mmcblk2p1 의 link file /dev/disk/by-partuuid/0006c3b0-0
S: disk/by-path/platform-2198000.usdhc-part1   // 상위 N의 /dev/mmcblk2p1 의 link file /dev/disk/by-path/platform-2198000.usdhc-part1
S: disk/by-uuid/1497-59AD                      // 상위 N의 /dev/mmcblk2p1 의 link file /dev/disk/by-uuid/1497-59AD
E: DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-path/platform-2198000.usdhc-part1 /dev/disk/by-uuid/1497-59AD /dev/disk/by-partuuid/0006c3b0-01 /dev/disk/by-id/mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75-part1
E: DEVNAME=/dev/mmcblk2p1
E: DEVPATH=/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1
E: DEVTYPE=partition
E: ID_FS_TYPE=vfat
E: ID_FS_USAGE=filesystem
E: ID_FS_UUID=1497-59AD
E: ID_FS_UUID_ENC=1497-59AD
E: ID_FS_VERSION=FAT32
E: ID_NAME=SA02G
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_DISK=179:24
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_NUMBER=1
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_OFFSET=73036
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_SCHEME=dos
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_SIZE=3002164
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_TYPE=0xc
E: ID_PART_ENTRY_UUID=0006c3b0-01
E: ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos
E: ID_PART_TABLE_UUID=0006c3b0
E: ID_PATH=platform-2198000.usdhc
E: ID_PATH_TAG=platform-2198000_usdhc
E: ID_SERIAL=0x207dfb75
E: MAJOR=179
E: MINOR=25
E: PARTN=1
E: SUBSYSTEM=block
E: TAGS=:systemd:                   //  systemd의 *.device로 파일에서 추가됨 
E: USEC_INITIALIZED=7347510      //  cat /proc/uptime 갱신된 정보시간 (boot이후)

$ udevadm info  /dev/mmcblk2
or
$ udevadm info  -q all /dev/mmcblk2
or
$ udevadm info  /sys/block/mmcblk2
P: /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2 // uevent 정보확인 
N: mmcblk2
S: disk/by-id/mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75
S: disk/by-path/platform-2198000.usdhc
E: DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75 /dev/disk/by-path/platform-2198000.usdhc
E: DEVNAME=/dev/mmcblk2
E: DEVPATH=/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2
E: DEVTYPE=disk
E: ID_NAME=SA02G
E: ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos
E: ID_PART_TABLE_UUID=0006c3b0
E: ID_PATH=platform-2198000.usdhc
E: ID_PATH_TAG=platform-2198000_usdhc
E: ID_SERIAL=0x207dfb75
E: MAJOR=179
E: MINOR=24
E: SUBSYSTEM=block
E: TAGS=:systemd:             //  systemd의 *.device로 파일에서 추가됨 
E: USEC_INITIALIZED=6995415  //  cat /proc/uptime 갱신된 정보시간 (boot이후)

TAGS=:systemd 일 경우 systemd의 *.device로 udev rule에 추가
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.device.html

systemd-udevd service

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-udevd.service.html

좌측 Node 의미 및 분석방법

N: is for device Name in /dev
S: is for Symlinks to that device name in /dev (추후 udev/rules/에서 SYMLINK)
P: is for device Path in /sys
E: is for device properties in udev

https://askubuntu.com/questions/725951/what-do-devices-environment-variable-lists-prefixes-p-n-s-e-mean

P: Node는 /sys의 device path이므로 이곳의 uevent 를 확인중요

uevent 중심으로 분석을 해야함

$ cat /sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1/uevent
MAJOR=179
MINOR=25
DEVNAME=mmcblk2p1
DEVTYPE=partition
PARTN=1

$ cat /sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/uevent
MAJOR=179
MINOR=24
DEVNAME=mmcblk2
DEVTYPE=disk

N: /dev의 device name 확인

$ ls /dev/mmcblk*
/dev/mmcblk2       /dev/mmcblk3       /dev/mmcblk3boot1  /dev/mmcblk3p2
/dev/mmcblk2p1     /dev/mmcblk3boot0  /dev/mmcblk3p1     /dev/mmcblk3rpmb

S: 상위 N: /dev의 device name의 symbolic link list

상위 N:의 /dev/mmclbk2 or /dev/mmcblk2p1의 /dev 내의 symbolic link 말하며,이는 DEVLINKS와 동일하다.
rule에서도 SYMLINK을 이용하여 추가도 가능함

$ ls /dev/disk/by-id/
mmc-S0J57X_0x09231300        mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75
mmc-S0J57X_0x09231300-part1  mmc-SA02G_0x207dfb75-part1
mmc-S0J57X_0x09231300-part2

$ ls /dev/disk/by-path/
platform-2198000.usdhc        platform-219c000.usdhc-boot1
platform-2198000.usdhc-part1  platform-219c000.usdhc-part1
platform-219c000.usdhc        platform-219c000.usdhc-part2
platform-219c000.usdhc-boot0

E: uevent를 통해 udev 설정된 환경값

이부분은 아래와 기본정보는 /sys 의 uevent 로 확인가능하며, 다른정보는 database에서 가져옴

이외 다른 uevent 값 검색 분석

$ find /sys -name uevent | xargs cat  // 대부분 Device 정보 와 호환정보(연결)
....
MAJOR=253
MINOR=0
DEVNAME=rtc0
OF_NAME=snvs
OF_FULLNAME=/soc/aips-bus@2000000/snvs@20cc000
OF_COMPATIBLE_0=fsl,sec-v4.0-mon
OF_COMPATIBLE_1=syscon
OF_COMPATIBLE_2=simple-mfd
OF_COMPATIBLE_N=3
...
$ find /sys -name uevent | xargs cat | grep DEVLINKS
없음 
$ find /sys -name uevent | xargs cat | grep DEVNAME
DEVNAME=mem
DEVNAME=zero
DEVNAME=kmsg
DEVNAME=full
DEVNAME=urandom
DEVNAME=null
DEVNAME=random
DEVNAME=pxp_device
DEVNAME=hwrng
DEVNAME=autofs
......

2.2 udevadm info 의 attribute 분석

udev의 기본적인 uevent의 정보와 sys filesystem의 attribute를 분석할때, -a를 옵션을 주어 분석이 가능하다.
ATTR{x}는 해당 /sys file 주소의 값들을 출력을 해주며, 추후 rule에서도 이를 적용가능하다.

uevent 정보(KERNEL/SUBSYSTEM/DRIVER)
attribute 정보(ATTR{xxx}

parent기반으로 분석되기때문에 호출되는 순서를 파악가능하며 최종단을 주목

$ udevadm info -a /dev/mmcblk2   // /dev node로  모든 attribute를 출력 
or
$ udevadm info -a /sys/block/mmcblk2  //sys filesystem의 모든 attribute를 출력 

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
// 아래 looking at device 위치에 /sys file의 uevent node 확인 (최종 device의 길이 중요)
  looking at device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2':  
    KERNEL=="mmcblk2"     //device의 node name (상위 device의 마지막 node)  uevent 정보는 별도의 db를 가지고 있음 
    SUBSYSTEM=="block"    //mmcblk2의 SUBSYSTEM   
    DRIVER==""            //uevent 의 정보 
    ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"      // cat /sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/alignment_offset
    ATTR{capability}=="50"           // cat /sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/capability
    ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"     // cat /sys/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/ext_range
    ATTR{ext_range}=="256"           //  ATTR{x} 모두 상동  
    ATTR{force_ro}=="0"
    ATTR{hidden}=="0"
    ATTR{inflight}=="       0        0"
    ATTR{range}=="8"
    ATTR{removable}=="0"
    ATTR{ro}=="0"
    ATTR{size}=="3842048"
    ATTR{stat}=="      95       16     6363      545        0        0        0        0        0      400      440        0        0        0        0"
// Parent device 의 uevent이며, 분석에 중요하며, SD Card Device의 정보를 얻은 시점 
  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234':  //   
    KERNELS=="mmc2:1234"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="mmc"
    DRIVERS=="mmcblk"
    ATTRS{cid}=="02544d534130324704207dfb7500a800"     // MMC의 Register CID  
    ATTRS{csd}=="002e00325b5aa3a9ffffff800a800000"     // MMC의 Register CSD   
    ATTRS{date}=="08/2010"                             // 날짜정보, Filesystem 기준으로 생각됨  
    ATTRS{dsr}=="0x404"                                // MMC의 Register DSR  
    ATTRS{erase_size}=="512"                           // MMC의 경우 512 block 단위임  
    ATTRS{fwrev}=="0x4"
    ATTRS{hwrev}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{manfid}=="0x000002"                          // 제조사 ID  
    ATTRS{name}=="SA02G"                               // SD Card Name 
    ATTRS{ocr}=="0x00040000"                           // MMC의 Register OCR  
    ATTRS{oemid}=="0x544d"
    ATTRS{preferred_erase_size}=="4194304"
    ATTRS{rca}=="0x1234"                               // MMC의 Register RCA  
    ATTRS{scr}=="0225800001000000"                     // MMC의 Register SCR  
    ATTRS{serial}=="0x207dfb75"
    ATTRS{ssr}=="00000000000000280202900100aa0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
    ATTRS{type}=="SD"                                   // SD Card 임, eMMC가 아님  
// Parent device 의 uevent  SD Card Device를 찾은시점 
  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2':
    KERNELS=="mmc2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="mmc_host"
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc':
    KERNELS=="2198000.usdhc"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS=="sdhci-esdhc-imx"
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus':
    KERNELS=="2100000.aips-bus"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc':
    KERNELS=="soc"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0':
    KERNELS=="soc0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="soc"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{family}=="Freescale i.MX"
    ATTRS{revision}=="1.4"
    ATTRS{soc_id}=="i.MX6SX"

$ udevadm info -a  /dev/mmcblk2p1  // 각 Partition 정보와 비교 

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
// uevent node 확인가능. 상위 node에 mmcblk2p1 추가되었으며,나머지는 동일
  looking at device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1':
    KERNEL=="mmcblk2p1"
    SUBSYSTEM=="block"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
    ATTR{discard_alignment}=="354304"
    ATTR{inflight}=="       0        0"
    ATTR{partition}=="1"
    ATTR{ro}=="0"
    ATTR{size}=="3002164"
    ATTR{start}=="73036"
    ATTR{stat}=="      53       16     4275      309        0        0        0        0        0      260      270        0        0        0        0"
// 상위 (udevadm info -a /dev/mmcblk2)  동일한 device node 이며 상위와 완전동일  
  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2':
    KERNELS=="mmcblk2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="block"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{alignment_offset}=="0"
    ATTRS{capability}=="50"
    ATTRS{discard_alignment}=="0"
    ATTRS{ext_range}=="256"
    ATTRS{force_ro}=="0"
    ATTRS{hidden}=="0"
    ATTRS{inflight}=="       0        0"
    ATTRS{range}=="8"
    ATTRS{removable}=="0"
    ATTRS{ro}=="0"
    ATTRS{size}=="3842048"
    ATTRS{stat}=="      95       16     6363      545        0        0        0        0        0      400      440        0        0        0        0"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234':
    KERNELS=="mmc2:1234"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="mmc"
    DRIVERS=="mmcblk"
    ATTRS{cid}=="02544d534130324704207dfb7500a800"
    ATTRS{csd}=="002e00325b5aa3a9ffffff800a800000"
    ATTRS{date}=="08/2010"
    ATTRS{dsr}=="0x404"
    ATTRS{erase_size}=="512"
    ATTRS{fwrev}=="0x4"
    ATTRS{hwrev}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{manfid}=="0x000002"
    ATTRS{name}=="SA02G"
    ATTRS{ocr}=="0x00040000"
    ATTRS{oemid}=="0x544d"
    ATTRS{preferred_erase_size}=="4194304"
    ATTRS{rca}=="0x1234"
    ATTRS{scr}=="0225800001000000"
    ATTRS{serial}=="0x207dfb75"
    ATTRS{ssr}=="00000000000000280202900100aa0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
    ATTRS{type}=="SD"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2':
    KERNELS=="mmc2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="mmc_host"
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc':
    KERNELS=="2198000.usdhc"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS=="sdhci-esdhc-imx"
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus':
    KERNELS=="2100000.aips-bus"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc':
    KERNELS=="soc"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0':
    KERNELS=="soc0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="soc"
    DRIVERS==""
    ATTRS{family}=="Freescale i.MX"
    ATTRS{revision}=="1.4"
    ATTRS{soc_id}=="i.MX6SX"

2.3 udevadm monitor를 이용확인

udevadm의 monitor를 이용하여 sdcard의 card detection 부분을 체크

$ udevadm monitor  -h
udevadm monitor [OPTIONS]

Listen to kernel and udev events.

  -h --help                                Show this help
  -V --version                             Show package version
  -p --property                            Print the event properties
  -k --kernel                              Print kernel uevents
  -u --udev                                Print udev events
  -s --subsystem-match=SUBSYSTEM[/DEVTYPE] Filter events by subsystem
  -t --tag-match=TAG                       Filter events by tag

실시간 모니터로 아래와 같이 uevent를 볼수 있으며 옵션을 추가하여 각 event를 더 확인하자.

$ udevadm monitor
monitor will print the received events for:
UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing
KERNEL - the kernel uevent

mmc2: card 1234 removed
KERNEL[179853.651358] remove   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1 (block)
KERNEL[179853.654058] remove   /devices/virtual/bdi/179:24 (bdi)
KERNEL[179853.654755] remove   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2 (block)
UDEV  [179853.662386] remove   /devices/virtual/bdi/179:24 (bdi)
KERNEL[179853.671233] unbind   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
KERNEL[179853.671436] remove   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
UDEV  [179853.699415] remove   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1 (block)
UDEV  [179853.704243] remove   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2 (block)
UDEV  [179853.715698] unbind   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
UDEV  [179853.716975] remove   /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
mmc2: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
mmc2: new high speed SD card at address 1234
KERNEL[179860.947683] add      /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
UDEV  [179860.956872] add      /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bummcblk2: mmc2:1234 SA02G 1.83 GiB
s/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
KERNEL[179860.966523] add      /devices/virtual/bd mmcblk2: p1
i/179:24 (bdi)
UDEV  [179860.977474] add      /devices/virtual/bdi/179:24 (bdi)
KERNEL[179860.978045] add      /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2 (block)
KERNEL[179860.980267] add      /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1 (block)
KERNEL[179860.983182] bind     /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)
UDEV  [179861.117857] add      /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2 (block)
FAT-fs (mmcblk2p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
UDEV  [179861.423592] add      /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234/block/mmcblk2/mmcblk2p1 (block)
UDEV  [179861.426851] bind     /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2198000.usdhc/mmc_host/mmc2/mmc2:1234 (mmc)

3. udev Rule 만드는 법

udevadm info 와 monitor를 통해 기본 udev의 정보와 sys file system의 정보를 이용하여 udev rule을 간단히 만들어보자.

udev rule의 기본저장장소

/lib/udev/rules.d/
/etc/udev/rules.d/ : User는 이곳에 설정하여 추가해서 넣자
/dev/udev/rules.d/

Rule에서 기본적으로 match되는 정보

KERNEL : device의 kernel 이름 , device의 이름과 match
SUBSYSTEM : device의 subsystem과 match
DRIVER: device와 관련된 driver name과 match
NAME: /dev 에서 사용되어지는 device node와 match
SYMLINK: NAME의 대신에 사용되어지는 symbloic link list
ATTRS{x}: 상위 sys filesystem의 정보와 match
ENV{DEVLINKS}: 상위 E: Node 정보와 match

matching 할때 pattern

*: 어느 문자들이든 match
?: 어느 한 문자만 match
[]: 범위를 정해서 match

Event 와 실행

ACTION: 해당 정보의 device가 add or remove , change가 있을 경우
RUN : 조건이 충족되면 실행을 하는 command

RUN에 ENV{ } 정보를 출력하고 싶다면, %E{xx}로 사용가능
SYMLINK를 이용하여 /dev에 새로 device node의 symblolic link 생성가능
좀 더 사용을 하면 GOTO와 LABEL을 사용하며, 예제를 보면 쉽게 이해가 가능

3.1 MMC Device 와 udev Rule 생성

MMC의 동작 rule 생성 및 적용

mmcblk2p 가 Hotplug 될 때, add와 remove에 맞게 간단히 RUN을 사용하여 작성

$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/10-mmc.rules  //RUN을 추가하여 지속적으로 실행가능 
# Mount and remove mmc partitions manually for 32G  
# udevadm info /dev/mmcblk2 에서 E DEVNAME 부분확인 , 상위 환경변수부분 참조

ACTION=="add" KERNEL=="mmcblk[2]p[0-9]", RUN+="/bin/mkdir -p /media/card", RUN+="/bin/mount %E{DEVNAME} /media/card"
ACTION=="remove" KERNEL=="mmcblk[2]p[0-9]", RUN+="/bin/umount -f /media/card" , RUN+="/bin/rmdir /media/card"

udev Basic Rule 사용법 (systemd-udevd.service에서 관리)
  https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html#
  http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html
  https://wiki.debian.org/udev

udev Rule의 예제 및 udevadm 사용법
  https://gnu-linux.org/writing-udev-rules-for-flash-drive.html
  https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/hotplug/udev/+/1ed38f41749dde482e164e692255b60c38b5d876/etc/udev/rules.d/80-drivers.rules

udev 관련 Kernel 설정
  https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Udev/ko

3.2 다른 Device 와 systemd 의 Service 연결적용

udev 의 device(ttyACM0) 기본분석

일반적으로 많이 사용되는 USB Serial ttyACM에 udev에 연결하여 systemd 와 함께 service 할 수 있도록 설정.

$ ls /dev/ttyACM0                // USB serial 존재파악 

$ udevadm info -a -n /dev/ttyACM0                    // udev 값 분석 및 각 ATTRS 값 확인 


// 분석방법은 아래와 같이 최종 driver 단 기준부터 그 위의 KERNEL/SUBSYSTEM/ ATTRS  중심으로 파악  
...........
  looking at device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2184200.usb/ci_hdrc.1/usb1/1-1/1-1.1/1-1.1:1.0/tty/ttyACM0':
    KERNEL=="ttyACM0"
    SUBSYSTEM=="tty"
    DRIVER==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2184200.usb/ci_hdrc.1/usb1/1-1/1-1.1/1-1.1:1.0':
    KERNELS=="1-1.1:1.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="cdc_acm"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="01"
    ATTRS{bmCapabilities}=="7"
    ATTRS{iad_bFirstInterface}=="00"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionSubClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{iad_bInterfaceCount}=="02"
    ATTRS{interface}=="PLSx"
    ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1"

  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2184200.usb/ci_hdrc.1/usb1/1-1/1-1.1':
    KERNELS=="1-1.1"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="ef"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="100mA"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}=="14"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="1730"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{devnum}=="5"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="1.1"
    ATTRS{devspec}=="  (null)"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="005b"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="1e2d"
    ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Cinterion Wireless Modules"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTRS{product}=="PLSx"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{removable}=="unknown"
    ATTRS{rx_lanes}=="1"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{tx_lanes}=="1"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="122"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
.............
  looking at parent device '/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2184200.usb/ci_hdrc.1/usb1':
    KERNELS=="usb1"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="0mA"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0419"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="0"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0002"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
    ATTRS{interface_authorized_default}=="1"
    ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 4.19.35-1.1.0+g0f9917c ehci_hcd"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="1"
    ATTRS{product}=="EHCI Host Controller"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{removable}=="unknown"
    ATTRS{rx_lanes}=="1"
    ATTRS{serial}=="ci_hdrc.1"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{tx_lanes}=="1"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="25"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
.....

// USB CDC 중 ACM은 일반적으로 USB Serial로 많이 사용되지만, 꼭 Serial으로만 사용해야하는 것은 아니다. 
// 세부사항은 USB CDC 종류에서 각각 파악하자  

$ udevadm info -a -n /dev/ttyACM0 | grep serial  // ttyACM0을 USB Serial로 사용하기 위해 serial 이름파악 
ATTRS{serial}=="ci_hdrc.1"

udev 의 device(ttyACM0) 와 systemd 의 service 연결

각 udev rule에서 ttyACM 관련부분을 검색 한 후 이를 분석한 후, 직접 수정

$ find /etc/udev/rules.d/  -name *ttyACM*  // udev file 찾기 (우선순위 etc -> lib) 못찾으면 grep 사용 
$ find /lib/udev/rules.d/  -name *ttyACM*  

// 나의 경우, KERENL에, ttyACM0을 넣고, serial을 더 좀 더 확실히 하기 위해 ATTRS{serial} 추가했지만, 자기 구성대로 변경
// SYSTEMD_WANTS 사용시 udev database에 TAG+="systemd" 넣지 않는다면, systemd에서 찾지 못한다 (세부내용은 Manual)  
// 이기능은 systemd의 Want=에 추가되며, 추후 systemd의 *.socket 의 BindToDevice= 와 연결가능 

$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/20-ttyACM0.rules  // KERNEL의 Device 와 Serial 이름으로 동작 
KERNEL=="ttyACM0", ATTRS{serial}=="ci_hdrc.1" , TAG+="systemd", ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS}="my.service"

udev Rule에 TAG+="systemd"와 ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} 와 udev Database
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.device.html
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html#

연결될 systemd의 service 구성

systemd의 service 중 (BindToDevice대신) BindTo 와 After 부분설정을 위해 각 값 검색

$ systemctl list-units --all --full   //  systemctl list-units --all --full 의 정보가 너무 많음 
$ systemctl list-units --all --full | grep ".device"   //  systemctl list-units --all --full 의 정보가 너무 많아 device만 찾음 

// device 구성을 보면, parent가 존재하므로, 점점 node가 길어지면, 최종으로 load되는 부분을 찾아야함 
// systemd.device에서 ttyACM0 or 상위 ATTR 값을 넣어 검색범위를 좁힘 
$ systemctl list-units --all --full | grep ".device" | grep "ci_hdrc.1" // systemd.device 에 상위 ATTR 값 동일부분확인
  dev-serial-by\x2dpath-platform\x2dci_hdrc.1\x2dusb\x2d0:1.1:1.0.device                                              loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  dev-serial-by\x2dpath-platform\x2dci_hdrc.1\x2dusb\x2d0:1.1:1.2.device                                              loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  dev-serial-by\x2dpath-platform\x2dci_hdrc.1\x2dusb\x2d0:1.1:1.4.device                                              loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  dev-serial-by\x2dpath-platform\x2dci_hdrc.1\x2dusb\x2d0:1.1:1.6.device                                              loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  dev-serial-by\x2dpath-platform\x2dci_hdrc.1\x2dusb\x2d0:1.1:1.8.device                                              loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.0-tty-ttyACM0.device loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.10-net-usb0.device   loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.12-net-usb1.device   loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.2-tty-ttyACM1.device loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.4-tty-ttyACM2.device loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.6-tty-ttyACM3.device loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.8-tty-ttyACM4.device loaded    active   plugged   PLSx

$ systemctl list-units --all --full | grep ".device" | grep "ttyACM0" // systemd.device 에 ttyACM0 재확인 
  dev-ttyACM0.device                                                                                                  loaded    active   plugged   PLSx         
  sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.0-tty-ttyACM0.device loaded    active   plugged   PLSx

udev Rule에 같이 동작할 systemd 의 service 설정
**system unit 과 system.service manual 참조

//상위 udev의 Rule에서 적용했던 부분이 동작할 경우 실행 (ttyACM0) 
//Unit의 BindTo 와 After를 *.service로만 한정지어 생각했는데, device를 비롯하여 mount 등 모두 가능
//Unit의 대상은 모든 systemd의 설정의 기본이며, service/socket/device/mount/등 모두 적용대상
$ vi /lib/systemd/system/my.service 
or 
$ vi /etc/systemd/system/my.service 
[Unit]
Description=TEST Service for ttyACM0
BindsTo=sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.0-tty-ttyACM0.device
After=sys-devices-soc0-soc-2100000.aips\x2dbus-2184200.usb-ci_hdrc.1-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.0-tty-ttyACM0.device

# BindsTo 는 Requires 와 유사하게 dependencies를 요구하는 설정이며, Requres 보다 좀 더 강력하다고 하며, 
# After와 함께 같이 사용할때 최적이라고 한다.
# 주의 할 것은 Fail 될 경우, Skip되므로 이 부분 주의하며, 상위 Device가 연결될때 Timing을 기다림

[Service]
ExecStart=test start 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

udev에서 ttyACM0 상위정보의 uevent가 오면 이를 udev에 TAG를 사용하여 systemd에 노출하고 service로 연결
상위 service에서 After와 BindsTo는 systemd의 service에 연결하여 Timing을 조절(제대로 붙기전에는 실행 불가능)

아래의 사이트에서 쉽게 찾아 연결했으며, 세부내용은 아래사이트 참조

systemd의 unit 과 service 설정정보
  https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html
  https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html#Mapping%20of%20unit%20properties%20to%20their%20inverses
  https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html#

$ udevadm info /dev/ttyACM0 // 상위 실행 후 동작확인 
P: /devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2184200.usb/ci_hdrc.1/usb1/1-1/1-1.1/1-1.1:1.0/tty/ttyACM0
N: ttyACM0
S: serial/by-id/usb-Cinterion_Wireless_Modules_PLSx-if00
S: serial/by-path/platform-ci_hdrc.1-usb-0:1.1:1.0
E: DEVLINKS=/dev/serial/by-path/platform-ci_hdrc.1-usb-0:1.1:1.0 /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Cinterion_Wireless_Modules_PLSx-if00
E: DEVNAME=/dev/ttyACM0
E: DEVPATH=/devices/soc0/soc/2100000.aips-bus/2184200.usb/ci_hdrc.1/usb1/1-1/1-1.1/1-1.1:1.0/tty/ttyACM0
E: ID_BUS=usb
E: ID_MODEL=PLSx
E: ID_MODEL_ENC=PLSx
E: ID_MODEL_ID=005b
E: ID_PATH=platform-ci_hdrc.1-usb-0:1.1:1.0
E: ID_PATH_TAG=platform-ci_hdrc_1-usb-0_1_1_1_0
E: ID_REVISION=1730
E: ID_SERIAL=Cinterion_Wireless_Modules_PLSx
E: ID_TYPE=generic
E: ID_USB_CLASS_FROM_DATABASE=Miscellaneous Device
E: ID_USB_DRIVER=cdc_acm
E: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:020201:0a0000:020200:020600:
E: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00
E: ID_USB_PROTOCOL_FROM_DATABASE=Interface Association
E: ID_VENDOR=Cinterion_Wireless_Modules
E: ID_VENDOR_ENC=Cinterion\x20Wireless\x20Modules
E: ID_VENDOR_ID=1e2d
E: MAJOR=166
E: MINOR=0
E: SUBSYSTEM=tty
E: SYSTEMD_WANTS=my.service   // systemd service 확인 
E: TAGS=:systemd:             // TAG의 systemd 추가 확인 
E: USEC_INITIALIZED=19217285

udev 와 systemd 연결
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/89691/how-do-i-connect-a-3g-dongle-using-systemd

systemd 기본사용법
https://ahyuo79.blogspot.com/2020/01/systemd.html

4. udevadm test 와 trigger를 이용하여 테스트

새로 만든 udev rule에 ACTION Event를 주어 SW로만 테스트 진행가능하며, 본인이 좀 더 세부 테스트를 한다면, 다양한 옵션설정도 가능.

아래의 두가지 방식으로 테스트 가능

udev 의 테스트 방식

$ udevadm test -h
$ udevadm test [OPTIONS] DEVPATH

Test an event run.

  -h --help                            Show this help
  -V --version                         Show package version
  -a --action=ACTION                   Set action string
  -N --resolve-names=early|late|never  When to resolve names

udev에 uevent를 주어 테스트 진행

 $ udevadm trigger  -h
udevadm trigger [OPTIONS] DEVPATH

Request events from the kernel.

  -h --help                         Show this help
  -V --version                      Show package version
  -v --verbose                      Print the list of devices while running
  -n --dry-run                      Do not actually trigger the events
  -t --type=                        Type of events to trigger
          devices                     sysfs devices (default)
          subsystems                  sysfs subsystems and drivers
  -c --action=ACTION                Event action value, default is "change"
  -s --subsystem-match=SUBSYSTEM    Trigger devices from a matching subsystem
  -S --subsystem-nomatch=SUBSYSTEM  Exclude devices from a matching subsystem
  -a --attr-match=FILE[=VALUE]      Trigger devices with a matching attribute
  -A --attr-nomatch=FILE[=VALUE]    Exclude devices with a matching attribute
  -p --property-match=KEY=VALUE     Trigger devices with a matching property
  -g --tag-match=KEY=VALUE          Trigger devices with a matching property
  -y --sysname-match=NAME           Trigger devices with this /sys path
     --name-match=NAME              Trigger devices with this /dev name
  -b --parent-match=NAME            Trigger devices with that parent device
  -w --settle                       Wait for the triggered events to complete

실제테스트 진행

상위 만들어진 rule에 SW로 테스트 진행 (문제발생)

$ udevadm test -a remove /dev/mmcblk2
or
$ udevadm test -a remove  /sys/block/mmcblk2
calling: test
version 239
This program is for debugging only, it does not run any program
specified by a RUN key. It may show incorrect results, because
some values may be different, or not available at a simulation run.

Load module index
Skipping empty file: /etc/systemd/network/99-default.link
Created link configuration context.
Reading rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/10-imx.rules
Reading rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/30-mmc.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/50-firmware.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-block.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-cdrom_id.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-drm.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-evdev.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-input-id.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-alsa.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-input.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage-tape.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-sensor.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-serial.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/64-btrfs.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-joystick.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-mouse.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-power-switch.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-touchpad.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-uaccess.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/71-seat.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/73-seat-late.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-probe_mtd.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/78-sound-card.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/80-drivers.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/90-alsa-restore.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/90-vconsole.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/97-hid2hci.rules
Reading rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/99-systemd.rules
Reading rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/touchscreen.rules
rules contain 24576 bytes tokens (2048 * 12 bytes), 11107 bytes strings
1602 strings (19400 bytes), 1040 de-duplicated (8856 bytes), 563 trie nodes used
unable to open device '/sys/dev/mmcblk2'   //문제발생 /sys/dev/의 구조가 다르며, /sys로 변경해도 동일, /dev/mmcblk2 현재없어서 인것 같음 
Unload module index
Unloaded link configuration context.

$ udevadm test -a add /dev/mmcblk2 
$ udevadm test -a add  /sys/block/mmcblk2

다시 trigger 기반으로 테스트진행시 문제없음

상위 만들어진 rule에 SW로 테스트 진행 (문제없음)

$ udevadm trigger -c add /dev/mmcblk2   // RUN 동작확인 
$ udevadm trigger -c remove /dev/mmcblk2 // RUN 동작확인

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